Possibility of targeted therapy of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents (literature review)

Osteosarcoma treatment methods have not been changed for last twenty years. There are five main drugs (such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, methotrexate, ifosfomide, etoposide) which are usually used in different combinations and doses. Results of survival are approximately similar. Five-year overall survival of patients with localized osteosarcoma is 75% and five-year event-free survival is 62%. Survival results of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma are much worse, five-year overall survival is 34% and five-year event-free survival is 20%.
Relevance topic is associated with the fact that the results of treatment osteosarcoma are not satisfactory and optimal therapeutic strategy is unknown. In this connection, new programs are developed based on the experience of pre-existing protocols, taking into molecular-biological features of osteosarcoma cells. Different studies of signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment open the way to possibility of using target therapies (small molecules inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies), cell-cytokine therapy.