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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3687</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">146</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>САРКОМЫ МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Soft tissue sarcomas: from immunohistochemistry to molecular biology. A practical approach</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение Сарком мягких тканей: от иммуногистохимии до молекулярной биологии. Практический подход</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bosch</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бош</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>antonio.llombart@uv.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fos</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фос</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Machado</surname><given-names>I. ..</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачадо</surname><given-names>И. ..</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopez Guerrero</surname><given-names>J. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопес Герреро</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Valencia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute Valenciano de Oncologia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт онкологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2010-01-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-11"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2010, Bosch A.L., Fos S.N., Machado I..., Lopez Guerrero J.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2010, Бош А.Л., Фос С.Н., Мачадо И..., Лопес Герреро Х.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bosch A.L., Fos S.N., Machado I..., Lopez Guerrero J.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бош А.Л., Фос С.Н., Мачадо И..., Лопес Герреро Х.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/146">https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/146</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The cinicopathological classification of sarcomas in general, and specifically of soft tissue sarcomas, is becoming more complex, due not only to the increasing number of new entities identified in recent years, but also to the fact that most of these neoplasms have a common mesenchymal cell origin. Thus, these tumors might express a divergent phenotype with numerous histological varieties with overlapping features, producing confusion in their identification. Therefore, any histological study needs to be complemented with both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy as well as with new ancillary techniques such as cytogenetics and especially molecular biology. Thus, nowadays it is mandatory to combine the clinical stage, histological grade histological variety and immunohistochemical characterization in order to obtain a clear pattern for a given sarcoma and its prognostic outcome. Additionally, cytogenetics and molecular biology identify two clearly different subgroups of sarcomas: those presenting mainly a small number of rearrangements with specific chromosomal and genetic translocations against a second, larger group of neoplasms harboring complex kariotype reorganizations and numerous genetic imbalances. Although few of these genetic reorganizations provide any additional value for establishing predictive or prognostic outcome for the patient, they have opened up new ways to obtain more precise classification, complementing conventional histology and simultaneously creating new possibilities for targeted therapy. This review on soft tissue sarcomas provides the most up-to-date findings in these fields, reviewing the clinical stage, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology of the major soft-tissue tumor types based upon the WHO classification.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ. Настоящее исследование проводилось при поддержке и в рамках проектов PROTHETS (Prognosis and Therapeutic Targets in the Ewing Family of Tumors - прогнозирование и терапевтические мишени при опухолях Юинга; контракт № 503036) и EuroBoNeT (European Network to Promote Research into Uncommon Cancers in Adults and Children): Pathology, Biology and Genetics of Bone Tumors - Европейская сеть в поддержку исследований редких видов опухолей у взрослых и детей: патологические, биологические и генетические аспекты опухолей кости; контракт № 018814) 6-й рамочной исследовательской программы Евросоюза. Клинико-патологическая классификация сарком в целом и сарком мягких тканей в частности постоянно усложняется не только благодаря выявлению в последние годы возрастающего количества новых видов опухолей, но и вследствие того, что большинство этих новообразований имеет общую мезенхимальную природу. Эти опухоли могут иметь различный фенотип с многочисленными гистологическими разновидностями и совпадающими признаками, что затрудняет их идентификацию. Поэтому в дополнение к любому гистологическому исследованию нужно проводить иммуногистохимический анализ и электронно-микроскопическое исследование, а также использовать новые вспомогательные методики, такие как цитогенетический анализ и в особенности молекулярно-биологические исследования. Таким образом, в настоящее время для получения ясной картины определенной саркомы и прогнозирования ее исхода необходимо сочетать характеристику клинической стадии, гистологической степени злокачественности, гистологической разновидности опухоли и иммуногистохимическую характеристику. Кроме того, с позиции цитогенетики и молекулярной биологии выделяют две очевидно различные подгруппы сарком: к первой группе относится небольшое число сарком, характеризующихся специфическими хромосомными и генетическими транслокациями; вторая группа представлена более значительным количеством новообразований, возникающих вследствие комплексных перестроек кариотипа и многочисленных генетических отклонений. Хотя среди этих генетических перестроек лишь немногие имеют дополнительное значение для прогнозирования исхода заболевания, информация о них позволяет построить более точную классификацию, дополнить обычные гистологические исследования и одновременно создать новые возможности для таргетной терапии. В настоящем обзоре данных о саркомах мягких тканей представлены последние открытия в этих областях, а также рассматриваются клинические стадии, гистопатологические, иммуногистохимические и молекулярно-биологические характеристики основных типов опухолей мягких тканей по классификации Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunohistochemestry</kwd><kwd>soft tissue sarcoma</kwd><kwd>sarcoma subtypes</kwd><kwd>cytogenetics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>саркомы мягких тканей</kwd><kwd>типы сирком</kwd><kwd>цитогенетика</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fisher С. The comparative roles of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. Histopathology. 2006, v. 48, p. 32-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Miettinen M. 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