<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3687</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2070-9781-2020-21-3-16-25</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TUMORS OF THE SKIN</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПУХОЛИ КОЖИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pigmented skin neoplasm in a child: сomplex case report and review of the literature</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пигментное новообразование кожи у ребенка: сложный случай и обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-553X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belysheva</surname><given-names>T.  S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белышева</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-4202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasedkina</surname><given-names>T.  V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наседкина</surname><given-names>Т.  В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 32 Vavilov St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 119991 Москва, ул. Вавилова, 32</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0442-5917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>К.  В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-179X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevskaya</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневская</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kletskaya</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клецкая</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119571</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 119571 Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-254X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khestanov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хестанов</surname><given-names>Д.  Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-4539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doroshenko</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорошенко</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-072X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-5785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Senderovich</surname><given-names>A.  I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сендерович</surname><given-names>А.  И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 15 Marshal Tymoshenko St., 121359 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121359 Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-4308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 32 Vavilov St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 119991 Москва, ул. Вавилова, 32</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-1564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 32 Vavilov St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 119991 Москва, ул. Вавилова, 32</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-6082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidov</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидов</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-4138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 3 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, 125284 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В. А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">РДКБ ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central clinical hospital with polyclinic” of the Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» &#13;
Управления делами Президента РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-07-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2-3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-04"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-04"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Belysheva T. ., Nasedkina T. ., Orlova K.V., Vishnevskaya Y.V., Kletskaya I.S., Khestanov D.B., Doroshenko M.B., Mikhaylova S.N., Senderovich A. ., Emelyanova M.A., Abramov I.S., Demidov L.V., Aliev M.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Белышева Т.С., Наседкина Т. ., Орлова К. ., Вишневская Я.В., Клецкая И.С., Хестанов Д. ., Дорошенко М.Б., Михайлова С.Н., Сендерович А. ., Емельянова М.А., Абрамов И.С., Демидов Л.В., Алиев М.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belysheva T. ., Nasedkina T. ., Orlova K.V., Vishnevskaya Y.V., Kletskaya I.S., Khestanov D.B., Doroshenko M.B., Mikhaylova S.N., Senderovich A. ., Emelyanova M.A., Abramov I.S., Demidov L.V., Aliev M.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белышева Т.С., Наседкина Т. ., Орлова К. ., Вишневская Я.В., Клецкая И.С., Хестанов Д. ., Дорошенко М.Б., Михайлова С.Н., Сендерович А. ., Емельянова М.А., Абрамов И.С., Демидов Л.В., Алиев М.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/4">https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/4</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Skin melanoma in children is a very rare disease that differs in many aspects from skin melanoma in adults. The conventional criteria for clinical diagnostics of melanoma observed in adults are often absent in children and adolescents, making it difficult to make a diagnosis on time.</p><p>Objective. The aim of the study is to assess the clinical significance of various diagnostic criteria in the analysis of a rare case of congenital pigment skin neoplasm in a child.</p><p>Materials and methods. The clinical case of a congenital melanocytic lesion in a wrist joint area in a girl 5 months old.</p><p>During the primary diagnosis, an ultrasound examination was carried out. The tumor excision was performed with replacement of defect using moved skin flap. Histological, genetic and cytogenetic (fluorescent hybridization in situ, FISH) examination of a tumor sample was carried out.</p><p>Results. The histological examination revealed areas of cellular atypia with high mitotic activity and the presence of pathological mitoses. According to FISH results, an increase in the copy of the RREB1 gene was observed in the sample, which may indicate amplification of this chromosome region. Genetic testing revealed a Q61K mutation in the NRAS gene.</p><p>Conclusion. Despite the presence of histological features of neoplasm malignancy and ambiguous FISH results, the described case should be considered as congenital nevus with atypical proliferative nodes based on combination of clinical data (early age at the time of surgery, expansive growth pattern, multiplicity of nodes, lack of necrosis, long relapse-free period).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Меланома кожи у детей является очень редким заболеванием и по многим параметрам отличается от меланомы кожи у взрослых. Общепринятые критерии клинической диагностики данной патологии, наблюдаемые у взрослых, часто отсутствуют у детей и подростков, что затрудняет своевременную постановку диагноза.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка клинической значимости различных диагностических критериев при анализе редкого случая врожденного пигментного новообразования кожи у ребенка.</p><p>Материалы и методы. Клинический случай врожденной опухоли в области лучезапястного сустава у девочки 5 мес. При первичной диагностике проведено ультразвуковое исследование. Выполнено иссечение опухоли с замещением дефекта перемещенным кожным лоскутом. Проведено гистологическое, генетическое и цитогенетическое (флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ, FISH) исследование образца опухоли.</p><p>Результаты. Гистологическое исследование выявило участки клеточной атипии с высокой митотической активностью и наличием патологических митозов. По результатам FISH в образце наблюдается увеличение копийности гена RREB1, что может указывать на амплификацию данного участка хромосомы. При генетическом тестировании обнаружена мутация Q61K в гене NRAS.</p><p>Заключение. Несмотря на наличие гистологических признаков злокачественности новообразования и неоднозначных результатов FISH, по совокупности клинических данных (ранний возраст на момент операции, экспансивный характер роста, множественность узлов, отсутствие некроза, длительный безрецидивный период) описанный случай следует рассматривать как врожденный невус с атипическими пролиферативными узлами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>proliferating node</kwd><kwd>congenital nevus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>пролиферирующий узел</kwd><kwd>врожденный невус</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. U.S.C.S. W. Group United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2013 incidence and mortality web-based report. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Cancer Institute, 2016 (дата обращения: August 1, 2016).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U.S.C.S. W. Group United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2013 incidence and mortality web-based report. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Cancer Institute, 2016 (дата обращения: August 1, 2016).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Noone A.M., Howlader N., Krapcho M. et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2015. Bethesda, MD 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noone A.M., Howlader N., Krapcho M. et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2015. Bethesda, MD 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3. Campbell L.B., Kreicher K.L., Gittleman H.R. et al. Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States. J Pediatr 2015;166(6):1505–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell L.B., Kreicher K.L., Gittleman H.R. et al. Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States. J Pediatr 2015;166(6):1505–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. Lange J.R., Palis B.E., Chang D.C. et al. Melanoma in children and teenagers: an analysis of patients from the National Cancer Data Base. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(11):1363–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lange J.R., Palis B.E., Chang D.C. et al. Melanoma in children and teenagers: an analysis of patients from the National Cancer Data Base. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(11):1363–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2017 году (заболеваемость и смертность). М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2018. [Zlokachestvennyye novoobrazovaniya v Rossii v 2017 godu (zabolevayemost’ i smertnost’). Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena – fiial FGBU «NMITS radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2018. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2017 году (заболеваемость и смертность). М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2018. [Zlokachestvennyye novoobrazovaniya v Rossii v 2017 godu (zabolevayemost’ i smertnost’). Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena – fiial FGBU «NMITS radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2018. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6. Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2018 году. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2019. [Sostoyaniye onkologicheskoy pomoshchi naseleniyu Rossii v 2018 godu. M.: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena – fiial FGBU «NMITS radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2019. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2018 году. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2019. [Sostoyaniye onkologicheskoy pomoshchi naseleniyu Rossii v 2018 godu. M.: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena – fiial FGBU «NMITS radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2019. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7. Mills O., Messina J.L. Pediatric melanoma: a review. Cancer Control 2009;16 (3):225–233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills O., Messina J.L. Pediatric melanoma: a review. Cancer Control 2009;16 (3):225–233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8. Richardson S.K., Tannous Z.S., Mihm Jr. Congenital and infantile melanoma: review of the literature and report of an uncommon variant, pigment- synthesizing melanoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2002;47(1):77–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richardson S.K., Tannous Z.S., Mihm Jr. Congenital and infantile melanoma: review of the literature and report of an uncommon variant, pigment- synthesizing melanoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2002;47(1):77–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9. Haveri F.T., Inamadar A.C. A cross-sectional prospective study of cutaneous lesions in newborn. ISRN Dermatol 2014;2014. Article ID: 360590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haveri F.T., Inamadar A.C. A cross-sectional prospective study of cutaneous lesions in newborn. ISRN Dermatol 2014;2014. Article ID: 360590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10. Yun S.J., Kwon O.S., Han J.H. et al. Clinical characteristics and risk of melanoma development from giant congenital melanocytic naevi in Korea: a nationwide retrospective study. Br J Dermatol 2012;166(1):115–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yun S.J., Kwon O.S., Han J.H. et al. Clinical characteristics and risk of melanoma development from giant congenital melanocytic naevi in Korea: a nationwide retrospective study. Br J Dermatol 2012;166(1):115–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11. Mills O., Messina J.L. Pediatric melanoma: a review. Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffit Cancer Center 2009;16(3):225–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills O., Messina J.L. Pediatric melanoma: a review. Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffit Cancer Center 2009;16(3):225–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12. Ferrari A, Bono A, Baldi M. et al. Does melanoma behave differently in younger children than in adults? A retrospective study of 33 cases of childhood melanoma from a single institution. Pediatrics. 2005;115(3):649-654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrari A, Bono A, Baldi M. et al. Does melanoma behave differently in younger children than in adults? A retrospective study of 33 cases of childhood melanoma from a single institution. Pediatrics. 2005;115(3):649-654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13. Cordoro K.M., Gupta D., Frieden I.J. et al. Pediatric melanoma: Results of a large cohort study and proposal for modifid ABCD detection criteria for children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68(6):913–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cordoro K.M., Gupta D., Frieden I.J. et al. Pediatric melanoma: Results of a large cohort study and proposal for modifid ABCD detection criteria for children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68(6):913–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14. Stretch J.R. Melanoma principles &amp; practice A comprehensive guide. Sydney: Melanoma Institute Australia, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stretch J.R. Melanoma principles &amp; practice A comprehensive guide. Sydney: Melanoma Institute Australia, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15. Belysheva T.S., Vishnevskaya Y.V., Nasedkina T.V. et al. Melanoma arising in a Giant congenital melanocytic nevus: two case reports. Diagn Pathol 2019;14:21. DOI:10.1186/s13000-019-0797-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belysheva T.S., Vishnevskaya Y.V., Nasedkina T.V. et al. Melanoma arising in a Giant congenital melanocytic nevus: two case reports. Diagn Pathol 2019;14:21. DOI:10.1186/s13000-019-0797-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">16. Vergier B., Laharanne E., ProchazkovaCarlotti M., et al. Proliferative Nodules vs Melanoma Arising in Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi During Childhood. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(10):1147–51. DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.2667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vergier B., Laharanne E., ProchazkovaCarlotti M., et al. Proliferative Nodules vs Melanoma Arising in Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi During Childhood. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(10):1147–51. DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.2667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">17. Волгарева Г.М., Белышева Т.С., Завалишина Л.Э. и др. Врожденное пигментное новообразование кожи у ребенка: опыт диагностики. Российский биотерапевтический журнал. 2019;18(3):63–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волгарева Г.М., Белышева Т.С., Завалишина Л.Э. и др. Врожденное пигментное новообразование кожи у ребенка: опыт диагностики. Российский биотерапевтический журнал. 2019;18(3):63–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18. Yelamos O. et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2015;39:405–15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yelamos O. et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2015;39:405–15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">19. Leech S., Bell H., Leonard N. et al. Neonatal giant congenital nevi with proliferative nodules: a clinicopathologic study and literature review of neonatal melanoma. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:83–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leech S., Bell H., Leonard N. et al. Neonatal giant congenital nevi with proliferative nodules: a clinicopathologic study and literature review of neonatal melanoma. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:83–88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20. Barnhill R., Fleischli M. Histologic features of congenital melanocytic nevi in infants 1 year of age or younger. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:780–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnhill R., Fleischli M. Histologic features of congenital melanocytic nevi in infants 1 year of age or younger. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:780–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">21. Barnhill R.L. Pathology of melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Springer-Verlag Berlin An. 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnhill R.L. Pathology of melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Springer-Verlag Berlin An. 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">22. Mahoney K.M., Freeman G.J., McDermott D.F. The Next Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Melanoma. Clin Ther 2015;37(4):64–782. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.02.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahoney K.M., Freeman G.J., McDermott D.F. The Next Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Melanoma. Clin Ther 2015;37(4):64–782. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.02.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23. Lezcano C., Jungbluth A.A., Nehal K.S. et al. PRAME Expression in Melanocytic Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(11):1456–65. DOI:10.1097/PAS.0000000000001134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lezcano C., Jungbluth A.A., Nehal K.S. et al. PRAME Expression in Melanocytic Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(11):1456–65. DOI:10.1097/PAS.0000000000001134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">24. Волгарева Г.М., Завалишина Л.Э., Казубская Т.П. и др. Молекулярные подходы в диагностике пигментных новообразований кожи у детей: описание четырех случаев. Онкопедиатрия 2017;4(4):294–300</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волгарева Г.М., Завалишина Л.Э., Казубская Т.П. и др. Молекулярные подходы в диагностике пигментных новообразований кожи у детей: описание четырех случаев. Онкопедиатрия 2017;4(4):294–300</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">25. Bastian B., Xiong J., Frieden I. et al. Genetic changes in neoplasms arising in congenital melanocytic nevi: differences between nodular proliferations and melanomas. Am J Pathol 2002;161:1163–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastian B., Xiong J., Frieden I. et al. Genetic changes in neoplasms arising in congenital melanocytic nevi: differences between nodular proliferations and melanomas. Am J Pathol 2002;161:1163–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">26. Feito-Rodriguez M., de Lucas-Laguna R., Bastian B.C. et al. Nodular lesions arising in a large congenital melanocytic naevus in a newborn with eruptive disseminated Spitz naevi. Br J Dermatol 2011;165: 1138–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feito-Rodriguez M., de Lucas-Laguna R., Bastian B.C. et al. Nodular lesions arising in a large congenital melanocytic naevus in a newborn with eruptive disseminated Spitz naevi. Br J Dermatol 2011;165: 1138–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">27. Charbel C., Fontaine R.H., Malouf G.G. et al. NRAS mutation is the sole recurrent somatic mutation in large congenital melanocytic nevi. J Invest Dermatol 2014;134(4):1067–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charbel C., Fontaine R.H., Malouf G.G. et al. NRAS mutation is the sole recurrent somatic mutation in large congenital melanocytic nevi. J Invest Dermatol 2014;134(4):1067–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
