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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3687</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">554</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2782-3687-2022-14-1-11-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТ РЕДАКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term results and modern principles of prevention and treatment patients with endoprosthesis aseptic instability in oncology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Долгосрочные результаты и современные принципы профилактики и лечения пациентов с асептической нестабильностью эндопротеза в онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-019X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovskii</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly Vladimirovich Sokolovsky24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Владимирович Соколовский</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>avs2006@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-4466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovskii</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-6144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bludov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блудов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-3255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agaev</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агаев</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-3729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>А. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Sokolovskii A.V., Sokolovskii V.A., Bludov A.B., Fedorova A.V., Agaev D.K., Valiev А.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Соколовский А.В., Соколовский В.А., Блудов А.Б., Федорова А.В., Агаев Д.К., Валиев А.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolovskii A.V., Sokolovskii V.A., Bludov A.B., Fedorova A.V., Agaev D.K., Valiev А.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколовский А.В., Соколовский В.А., Блудов А.Б., Федорова А.В., Агаев Д.К., Валиев А.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/554">https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/554</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold>The results of using various reconstructive technologies in the 1980–1990’s to replace post-resection bone defects determined oncological endoprosthetics as the most promising onco-orthopedics trend, due to the quality-of-life and functional potential restoration in a short time. Despite the constant improvement of the design and technology of oncological endoprosthesis at the moment, complications such as aseptic instability, mechanical failure and infection of the endoprosthesis significantly affect the reduction of implant survival. It is impossible to reduce the frequency of endoprosthesis aseptic instability without developing a unified strategy for the prevention and treatment of this type of complication.</p><p><bold>The study objective</bold> – to examine the main causes of early and late aseptic loosening, analyze complication rate in various periods after endoprosthesis using literature data and results of treatment of a large patient group who underwent primary and repeat endoprosthesis for different post-resection bone defects.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 1292 patients aged 10 to 81 years with primary bone and soft tissues sarcomas, metastatic, benign lesions of the bone, who since January 1992 to January 2020 were performed 1671 primary and revision endoprosthetics of various bone segments. The age of the patients ranged from 10 years to 81 years. The mean age of the patients was 34.7 years. In the study group of patients, most often endoprosthetics was performed at the age of 21 to 30 years and accounted for 29 % of cases. The mean follow-up period after primary arthroplasty of various segments was 82.8 months (from 0 to 335.7 months). The mean follow-up period after revision arthroplasty was 54.2 months (from 0 to 282.8 months). In 1594 (95.4 %) cases were used bone cement stem fixation.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The results of the study show that the optimal shape of the endoprosthesis stem for primary and revision endo-prosthesis replacement is conical and cylindrical figured (made in the shape of the bone marrow canal). The most stable endoprosthesis stems are 60–100 mm long for upper limb arthroplasty and 110–150 mm for lower limb arthroplasty. Endoprosthesis stems longer than 160 mm can only be used in revision endoprosthetics. The length of the bone resection does not affect the incidence of endoprosthesis instability. The quality of the formed cement mantle affects the frequency of endoprosthesis instability. The presence of at least one revision arthroplasty with replacement of the endoprosthesis stem increases the risk of developing subsequent early instability (type IIA) about 4 times and the risk of late instability (type IIB) about 6 times compared with primary arthroplasty. The occurrence of late aseptic instability of the endoprosthesis (type IIB) will lead to the development of breakage/destruction of the endoprosthesis (type IIIA) in a shorter period than the breakage/ destruction of the endoprosthesis will lead to the development of late instability of the endoprosthesis (type IIB).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The choice of an endoprosthesis, taking into account the optimal biomechanics of the endoprosthesis design, the shape of the stem, methods of fixation, the introduction of innovative technological solutions, adherence to the principles of oncological endoprosthesis replacement, is a means of reducing the incidence of this type of complications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Результаты использования различных реконструктивных технологий для замещения пострезекционных дефектов кости, полученные в 1980–1990-е годы, позволили считать онкологическое эндопротезирование наиболее перспективным направлением окноортопедии благодаря восстановлению в короткое время качества жизни и функционального потенциала пациентов. Несмотря на постоянное совершенствование конструкции и технологии онкологического эндопротезирования, в настоящий момент такие осложнения, как асептическая нестабильность, механические поломки и инфекция эндопротеза, значительно влияют на сокращение срока эксплуатации имплантата.</p><p>Снижения частоты асептической нестабильности эндопротеза невозможно достичь без разработки единой стратегии профилактики и лечения этого типа осложнений.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение основных причин возникновения ранней и поздней асептической нестабильности, анализ частоты развития осложнений в различные периоды эндопротезирования с использованием данных литературы и результатов лечения большой группы пациентов, которым выполнено первичное и повторное эндопротезирование различных пострезекционных дефектов костей.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены 1292 пациента от 10 лет до 81 года с первичными саркомами кости и мягких тканей, метастатическими и доброкачественными опухолями кости, которым с января 1992 г. по январь 2020 г. выполнено 1671 первичное и повторное эндопротезирование различных сегментов кости. Средний возраст пациентов составил 34,7 года. В исследуемой группе наиболее часто эндопротезирование проводилось больным в возрасте от 21 до 30 лет. Оно было выполнено в 29 % случаев. Средний период наблюдения после первичного эндопротезирования различных сегментов составил 82,8 мес (от 0 до 335,7 мес), после повторного – 54,2 мес (от 0 до 282,8 мес). В 1594 (95,4 %) случаях фиксация ножек эндопротеза проводилась с помощью костного цемента.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Согласно результатам проведенного исследования при первичном и повторном эндопротезировании оптимальнее всего использовать эндопротез с конической и цилиндрической фигурной (изготовленной по форме костномозгового канала) ножкой. При эндопротезировании верхней конечности наиболее стабильными являются эндопротезы с ножками длиной 60–100 мм, при эндопротезировании нижней конечности – длиной 110–150 мм. Ножки длиной более 160 мм могут быть использованы только в реэндопротезировании. Длина резекции кости не влияет на частоту нестабильности эндопротеза в отличие от качества сформированной цементной мантии. По сравнению с первичным эндопротезированием повторное эндопротезирование с заменой ножки эндопротеза (даже если оно было выполнено 1 раз) примерно в 4 раза повышает риск развития последующей ранней нестабильности (тип IIA) и примерно в 6 раз – риск возникновения поздней нестабильности (тип IIB) имплантата. Выявлено, что поздняя асептическая нестабильность эндопротеза приводит к его поломке/разрушению в более короткие сроки, чем поломка/разрушение – к развитию поздней нестабильности эндопротеза.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Выбор эндопротеза с учетом оптимальной биомеханики его конструкции, формы ножки, способов фиксации, а также внедрение инновационных технологических решений и соблюдение принципов онкологического эндопротезирования позволят снизить частоту возникновения асептической нестабильности имплантата.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>onco-orthopedics</kwd><kwd>bone tumor</kwd><kwd>primary endoprosthetics</kwd><kwd>revision endoprosthetics</kwd><kwd>aseptic instability</kwd><kwd>endo-prosthetics complications</kwd><kwd>choice of endoprosthesis stem</kwd><kwd>innovative technologies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онкоортопедия</kwd><kwd>опухоль кости</kwd><kwd>первичное эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>реэндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>асептическая нестабильность</kwd><kwd>осложнения эндопротезирования</kwd><kwd>выбор ножки эндопротеза</kwd><kwd>инновационные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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