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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3687</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">731</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2219-4614-2025-17-1-40-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BONE SARCOMAS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>САРКОМЫ КОСТЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experience of using neoadjuvant three-componeEvaluation of the effectiveness of revision oncological knee replacement performed for infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка эффективности ревизионного онкологического эндопротезирования коленного сустава, проведенного по поводу инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-0463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikailov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микайлов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilkin Mugadasovich Mikaylov</p><p><italic>8 Akademika Baykova St., Saint Petersburg 195427; 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg 199034</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илкин Мугадасович Микайлов</p><p><italic>195427 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Байкова, 8; 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</italic></p></bio><email>mim17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-4478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>27 Prospekt Mechnikova, Saint Petersburg 195271</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>195271 Санкт-Петербург, пр-кт Мечникова, 27</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">R.R. Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена»&#13;
Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogova Clinic of High Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиника высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital “Russian Railways-Medicine” of Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЧУЗ «Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина» города Санкт-Петербурга»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Mikailov I.M., Grigoriev P.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Микайлов И.М., Григорьев П.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikailov I.M., Grigoriev P.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Микайлов И.М., Григорьев П.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/731">https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/731</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. With the increase in the number of primary oncological knee joint replacement, the frequency of postoperative complications has also increased, among which infection has become one of the most serious, occurring in 10–25 % of patients. Two-stage revision, including removal of an infected prosthesis and installation of a spacer followed by antibiotic therapy, is considered the gold standard for treating infection. However, removing an infected prosthesis can lead to a number of problems, such as loss of bone mass, cortical defects, muscle atrophy, and impaired joint function, which reduces the effectiveness of the second stage of treatment. These circumstances highlight the need to evaluate the actual effectiveness of two-stage revision interventions, which was the reason for this study.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To study the results of treatment of patients who underwent two-stage cancer revision arthroplasty of the knee joint.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. In our study, 56 patients were enrolled, who underwent the first stage of revision arthroplasty of the knee joint in our clinic. The inclusion criterion was a follow-up period of at least 36 months after the second stage of surgical treatment. At the first stage, arthrodesis cement spacers were used, installed using titanium lockable intramedullary rods. After a course of antibiotic therapy, further tactics of treatment were chosen, which could include various types of final surgical interventions, such as endoprosthesis, amputation, arthrodesis using an external fixation apparatus or modular oncological structures. The average age of the patients was 52 years, the majority of whom were women (58.9 %). To achieve the goal, the following parameters were analyzed: the presence of infection recurrence, the nature of the final treatment, the duration of use of the spacer, the presence of bone and extensor apparatus defects, functional results, and endoprosthesis survival. Functional results were evaluated 12 months after surgery using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) scale.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> In the study, 56 patients participated, with no signs of infection recurrence detected in 43 (76.8 %) of them after installing the spacer. Of these 43 patients, three performed a buried arthrodesis with an oncological modular system, 8 – arthrodesis using AFV, 5 – installation of a spacer with blocking. Endoprosthesis was performed in 27 (48.2 %) patients, of whom 19 had resection of the distal femur, and eight – proximal tibia. After implantation of the endoprosthesis, infection recurred in three patients after 39, 46, and 56 months, respectively. Five-year survival without infection recurrence was 87.5 %. The median time to event-free survival of the structure was 88 months. In the presence of extensive intraosseous defects, the risk of revision surgical intervention increases significantly (p = 0,041). Of the 13 patients diagnosed with infection recurrence after installing the spacer, only eight managed to perform resetting of the spacer, while the remaining five underwent lower limb amputation. Using the MSTS scale, an analysis of the function of the knee joint was performed in patients who underwent knee endoprosthesis. The median was 76.7 %, and in patients with resection of the distal femur, the knee joint function was statistically significantly better (p &lt;0.001).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Our results confirm that two-stage revision oncological arthroplasty of the knee joint is effective in treating infectious complications in patients with oncological lesions of the knee joint. This approach provides control over infection and allows for the reinstallation of the endoprosthesis. To reduce the likelihood of failures and improve the functional outcomes of treatment, it is necessary to take into account the risks associated with extensive intraosseous defects, insufficiency of the extensor apparatus, and the timing between stages of the operation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> С ростом числа первичных онкологических эндопротезирований коленного сустава увеличилось и число послеоперационных осложнений, среди которых одним из самых серьезных является инфекция, развивающаяся у 10–25 % пациентов. «Золотым стандартом» лечения инфекции считается двухэтапное реэндопротезирование, включающее удаление зараженного эндопротеза и установку спейсера с последующей антибактериальной терапией. Тем не менее удаление инфицированного эндопротеза может привести к ряду проблем, таких как потеря костной массы, появление кортикальных дефектов, атрофия мышц и ухудшение функции сустава, что снижает эффективность 2-го этапа лечения. Эти обстоятельства подчеркивают необходимость оценки эффективности двухэтапных ревизионных вмешательств.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – проанализировать результаты лечения пациентов, перенесших двухэтапное онкологическое реэндопротезирование коленного сустава.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены 56 пациентов (33 (58,9 %) женщины и 23 (41,1 %) мужчины), которым в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена проведен 1-й этап ревизионного эндопротезирования коленного сустава. Медиана возраста пациентов составила 52 года. Критерием включения в исследование был срок наблюдения не менее 36 мес после 2-го этапа хирургического лечения. На 1-м этапе применяли артродезирующие цементные спейсеры, установленные с использованием титановых блокируемых интрамедуллярных стержней. После курса антибактериальной терапии определяли дальнейшую тактику лечения, которая могла включать различные виды окончательных хирургических вмешательств: эндопротезирование, ампутацию, артродез с использованием аппарата внешней фиксации или модульных онкологических конструкций. Проанализированы следующие параметры: наличие рецидива инфекции, характер окончательного лечения, срок использования спейсера, наличие дефектов кости и разгибательного аппарата, функциональные результаты и выживаемость эндопротезов. Функциональные результаты оценивали через 12 мес после операции с использованием шкалы Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS).</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В 43 (76,8 %) случаях не обнаружено рецидива инфекции после установки спейсера. Из них в 3 случаях выполняли погружной артродез онкологической модульной системой, в 8 – артродез с использованием аппарата внешней фиксации, в 5 – установку спейсера с блокировкой. Эндопротезирование проведено 27 (48,2 %) пациентам, 19 из которых проведена резекция дистального отдела бедренной кости, 8 – резекция проксимального отдела большеберцовой кости. После установки эндопротеза рецидив инфекции возник в 3 случаях (в 1 – через 39 мес, в 1 – через 46 мес, в 1 – через 56 мес). Пятилетняя выживаемость эндопротезов без рецидивов инфекции составила 87,5 %, медиана срока бессобытийной выживаемости конструкции – 88 мес. При наличии обширных внутрикостных диафизарных дефектов риск ревизионного хирургического вмешательства значительно повышался (<italic>p</italic> = 0,041). Только 8 из 13 пациентов с выявленным после установки спейсера рецидивом инфекционного процесса удалось провести переустановку спейсера, 5 оставшихся пациентов подверглись ампутации конечности. С помощью шкалы MSTS проанализирована функция коленного сустава у больных, которым выполнено эндопротезирование коленного сустава. Медиана составила 76,7 %, причем у пациентов, которым выполнялась резекция дистального отдела бедренной кости, функция сустава оказалась статистически значимо лучшей, чем у пациентов, которым проводили резекцию проксимального отдела большеберцовой кости (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001). Снижение функции было обусловлено несостоятельностью разгибательного аппарата, особенно у больных, которым проведена резекция проксимального отдела большеберцовой кости (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что двухэтапное ревизионное онкологическое эндопротезирование коленного сустава эффективно при инфекционных осложнениях. Этот подход позволяет добиться удовлетворительного уровня контроля над инфекцией и дает относительную возможность эффективно переустановить эндопротез. Для снижения вероятности неудачи и улучшения функциональных результатов лечения необходимо учитывать риски, связанные с обширными внутрикостными дефектами, несостоятельностью разгибательного аппарата и сроками между этапами операции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oncological endoprosthetics</kwd><kwd>infectious complication of endoprosthetics</kwd><kwd>tumor of the knee joint</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онкологическое эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>инфекционное осложнение эндопротезирования</kwd><kwd>опухолевое поражение коленного сустава</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">State budget financing.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное финансирование.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Kotz R.I. 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