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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3687</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">734</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2219-4614-2025-17-1-67-77</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TUMORS OF THE SKIN</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПУХОЛИ КОЖИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic significance of cancer stem cells and ALK expression in patients with stage I–II cutaneous melanoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическое значение стволовых опухолевых клеток и экспрессии ALK у пациентов с меланомой кожи I–II стадии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-9136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>5 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125281;  6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125281 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5; 117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-9264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Andreevich Markin</p><p><italic>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198; 86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow 111123</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Андреевич Маркин </p><p><italic>117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6; 111123 Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 86</italic></p></bio><email>markinalexander1993@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zapirov</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запиров</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-8101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>5 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125281</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125281 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin Moscow Scientific and Clinical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Departmen</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Titov K.S., Markin A.A., Zapirov G.M., Sorokina M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Титов К.С., Маркин А.А., Запиров Г.М., Сорокина М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Titov K.S., Markin A.A., Zapirov G.M., Sorokina M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Титов К.С., Маркин А.А., Запиров Г.М., Сорокина М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/734">https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/734</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Melanoma is the main cause of death in patients with malignant tumors of the skin. While at early stages disease prognosis is relatively favorable, biological characteristics of the tumor can negatively affect patients with this pathology. Cancer stem cells and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression in the presence of translocation of its gene are potential prognostic factors in stage I–II cutaneous melanoma are.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate prognostic significance of cancer stem cells (CD133+ and ABCB5+ ) and ALK protein expression in patients with primary stage I–II cutaneous melanoma after surgical and combination treatment.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The study included 48 patients with stage I–II cutaneous melanoma (30 with superficial spreading type, 18 with nodular type). In all patients, expression of cancer stem cell markers (ABCB5 and CD133) and ALK was immunohistochemically determined. Statistical data analysis was performed using Jamovi (version 2.2.5) software. Follow-up duration was 5 years.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. During the 5-year observation period, progression of stage I–II cutaneous melanoma was observed in 12 (25 %) patients. Intensity of ABCB5 and CD133 expression in patients with tumor progression was similar. In patients with melanoma progression, ALK expression was observed in 33.3 % of cases, was absent in 8.3 % (р = 0.034) of cases. Five-year recurrence-free survival in patients with ALK expression was 43 %, without ALK expression – 79 % (р = 0.015). ALK protein expression in the presence of its gene translocation increases progression risk 4.3-fold irrespective of histological type of the tumor (р = 0.025). During the 5-year observation period, death due to stage I–II disease progression was observed in 27.1 % of cases. Intensity of CD133 and ALK expression in cases with fatal outcome and without it was the same. ABCB5+ cancer stem cells were more common in cases of fatal outcome (61.5 % of cases) than in cases without it (34.3 % of cases) (р = 0.085). Five-year overall survival of patients with ABCB5 expression was 56 %, without it – 82 %. The presence of ABCB5 increased the risk of death in patients with localized stages of cutaneous melanoma 3.7-fold irrespective of the presence of CD133 (р = 0.041).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. ALK protein expression and presence of ABCB5 cancer stem cells can serve as additional unfavorable prognostic factors in stage I–II cutaneous melanoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Меланома является основной причиной смерти пациентов со злокачественными опухолями кожи. Несмотря на то что прогноз заболевания на ранних стадиях относительно благоприятный, биологические особенности опухоли могут негативно влиять на выживаемость больных с данной патологией. Потенциальными факторами прогноза меланомы кожи I–II стадии являются стволовые опухолевые клетки и экспрессия киназы анапластической лимфомы (ALK) при траслокации ее гена.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить прогностическое значение стволовых опухолевых клеток (CD133+ и ABCB5+) и экспрессии белка ALK у пациентов с первичной меланомой кожи I–II стадии после хирургического и комбинированного лечения.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены 48 пациентов с меланомой кожи I–II стадии (30 – с поверхностно-распространяющейся формой, 18 – с узловой). У всех больных с помощью иммуногистохимического метода определяли экспрессию маркеров стволовых опухолевых клеток (ABCB5 и CD133) и ALK. Статистический анализ данных проводили с помощью программного обеспечения Jamovi (версия 2.2.5). Срок наблюдения за пациентами составил 5 лет.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В ходе 5-летнего наблюдения прогрессия меланомы кожи I–II стадии отмечена у 12 (25 %) пациентов. Выраженность экспрессии ABCB5 и CD133 у больных с прогрессией опухоли была одинаковой. У пациентов с прогрессией меланомы экспрессия ALK выявлена в 33,3 % случаев, отсутствовала – в 8,3 % (р = 0,034). Пятилетняя безрецидивная выживаемость пациентов с экспрессией ALK составила 43 %, без нее – 79 % (р = 0,015). Наличие экспрессии белка ALK при траслокации его гена повышает риск прогрессии меланомы кожи в 4,3 раза независимо от гистологического типа опухоли (р = 0,025). В ходе 5-летнего периода наблюдения летальный исход, связанный с прогрессированием заболевания I–II стадии, отмечен в 27,1 % случаев. Выраженность экспрессии CD133 и ALK в случаях летального исхода и без него была одинаковой. Стволовые опухолевые клетки ABCB5+ чаще встречались при летальном исходе (61,5 % случаев), чем без него (34,3 % случаев) (р = 0,085). Пятилетняя общая выживаемость пациентов с экспрессией ABCB5 составила 56 %, без нее – 82 %. Наличие ABCB5 повышало риски летального исхода у больных с локальными стадиями меланомы кожи в 3,7 раза независимо от наличия CD133 (р = 0,041).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. В качестве дополнительных неблагоприятных факторов прогноза меланомы кожи I–II стадии могут выступать экспрессия белка ALK и наличие стволовых опухолевых клеток ABCB5.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cutaneous melanoma</kwd><kwd>unfavorable prognostic factor</kwd><kwd>cancer stem cell</kwd><kwd>anaplastic lymphoma kinase</kwd><kwd>ABCB5</kwd><kwd>CD133</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома кожи</kwd><kwd>фактор неблагоприятного прогноза</kwd><kwd>стволовая опухолевая клетка</kwd><kwd>киназа анапластической лимфомы</kwd><kwd>ABCB5</kwd><kwd>CD133</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared without external funding</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malignant neoplasms in Russia, 2023 (morbidity and mortality). 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