<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3687</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">743</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2219-4614-2025-17-2-11-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТ РЕДАКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ewing sarcoma and CHEK2-related tumor predisposition syndrome (case report and review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркома Юинга и CHEK2-ассоциированный синдром предрасположенности к раку (клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-3589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubchenko</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любченко</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila Nikolaevna Lyubchenko</p><p>3 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p><p>Bld. 4, 51 3rd Parkovaya St., Moscow 105425</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Николаевна Любченко</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p><p>Москва 105425, 3-я Парковая ул., 51, стр. 4</p></bio><email>clingen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-804X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernavina</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернавина</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-5785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Senderovich</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сендерович</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 4, 51 3rd Parkovaya St., Moscow 105425</p><p>15 Marshala Timoshenko St., Moscow 121359</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва 105425, 3-я Парковая ул., 51, стр. 4</p><p>121359 Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-9511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomeytseva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломейцева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-3164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3;</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3455-7282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-5585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – a branch of National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н.В. Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic, Administrative Directorate of the President of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-24"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-24"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Lyubchenko L.N., Chernavina K.M., Senderovich A.I., Kolomeytseva A.A., Sedova M.V., Chernyshov V.V., Fedenko A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Любченко Л.Н., Чернавина К.М., Сендерович А.И., Коломейцева А.А., Седова М.В., Чернышов В.В., Феденко А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyubchenko L.N., Chernavina K.M., Senderovich A.I., Kolomeytseva A.A., Sedova M.V., Chernyshov V.V., Fedenko A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любченко Л.Н., Чернавина К.М., Сендерович А.И., Коломейцева А.А., Седова М.В., Чернышов В.В., Феденко А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/743">https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/743</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ewing sarcoma is a relatively rare aggressive tumor of bones and soft tissues characterized by specific chromosomal translocations involving genes and transcription factors of the FET and ETS families. A number of studies have demonstrated the presence of molecular genetic events preceding these specific rearrangements.The article presents a clinical observation of the treatment of a 24-year-old patient with Ewing sarcoma of the X rib and CHEK2-associated cancer predisposition syndrome with an oncologically burdened family history, including Ewing sarcoma in a first-degree relative. Specific translocation of the EWSR1 gene (22q12) was identified, characteristic of tumors of the Ewing sarcoma/PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumors) family, as well as 59 variants of different functional significance in suppressor genes and driver genes was identified in the course of a comprehensive molecular genetic study using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a targeted custom panel including 415 genes involved in carcinogenesis. The patient underwent combined treatment in the volume of neoadjuvant polychemotherapy, surgical stage (extirpation of the X rib with plastic surgery) and subsequent adjuvant polychemotherapy. During dynamic observation for the period 2022–2025, there were no signs of progression and metastatic process. Molecular genetic profiling in Ewing sarcoma has identified markers that may act as risk modifiers for disease development and progression, determine sensitivity/resistance to standard treatment methods, and serve as potential targets for personalized treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркома Юинга – относительно редкая агрессивная опухоль костей и мягких тканей, характеризующаяся специфическими хромосомными транслокациями с участием генов и транскрипционных факторов семейств FET и ETS. Результаты ряда работ продемонстрировали наличие молекулярно-генетических событий, предшествующих данным специфическим перестройкам. В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение лечения пациента 24 лет с саркомой Юинга Х ребра и CHEK2- ассоциированным синдромом предрасположенности к раку с онкологически отягощенным семейным анамнезом, включая саркому Юинга у родственника I степени родства. В ходе выполнения комплексного молекулярно-генетического исследования с использованием методов флуоресцентной гибридизации in situ (FISH) и высокопроизводительного секвенирования (NGS) с применением таргетной кастомной панели, включающей 415 генов, вовлеченных в канцерогенез, выявлены специфическая транслокация гена ЕWSR1 (22q12), характерная для опухолей семейства саркомы Юинга/ПНЕО (примитивных нейроэктодермальных опухолей), а также 59 различных по функциональной значимости вариантов в генах-супрессорах и драйверных генах. Пациенту проведено комбинированное лечение в объеме неоадъювантной поли химиотерапии, хирургического этапа (экстирпации Х ребра с пластикой) и последующей адъювантной полихимиотерапии. В ходе динамического наблюдения за период 2022–2025 гг. признаки прогрессирования заболевания и метастатического процесса не выявлены.Молекулярно-генетическое профилирование при саркоме Юинга позволило идентифицировать маркеры, которые могут выступать в качестве модификаторов риска развития и прогрессирования заболевания, обусловливать чувствительность/резистентность к стандартным методам лечения, а также служить потенциальной мишенью для персонифицированной терапии. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ewing sarcoma</kwd><kwd>small round cell tumor</kwd><kwd>chromosomal translocation</kwd><kwd>gene</kwd><kwd>EWSR1</kwd><kwd>CHEK2</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd><kwd>targeted sequencing</kwd><kwd>poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor</kwd><kwd>PARP-inhibitor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркома Юинга</kwd><kwd>мелкокруглоклеточная опухоль</kwd><kwd>хромосомная транслокация</kwd><kwd>ген</kwd><kwd>EWSR1</kwd><kwd>CHEK2</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd><kwd>таргетное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>ингибитор поли(АДФ-рибоза)-полимераз</kwd><kwd>PARP-ингибитор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samburova N.V., Pimenov I.A., Zhevak T.N., Litvitsky P.F. Ewing sarcoma: molecular and genetic mechanisms of pathogenesis. Voprosy sovremennoy pediatrii = Current Pediatrics 2019;18(4): 257–63. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самбурова Н.В., Пименов И.А., Жевак Т.Н., Литвицкий П.Ф. Саркома Юинга: молекулярно-генетические механизмы патогенеза. Вопросы современной педиатрии 2019;18(4):257–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Valvi S., Kellie S.J. Ewing sarcoma: focus on medical management. Journal of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors 2015;1(1):8–17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Esiashvili N., Goodman M., Marcus R.B. Jr. Changes in incidence and survival of Ewing sarcoma patients over the past 3 decades: Surveillance epidemiology and end results data. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008;30(6):425–30. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e31816e22f3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Grünewald T.G.P., Cidre-Aranaz F., Surdez D. et al. Ewing sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018;4(1):5. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0003-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Franchi A. Epidemiology and classification of bone tumors. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2012;9(2):92–5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Wei S., Siegal G.P. Small round cell tumors of soft tissue and bone. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2022;146(1):47–59. DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0773-RA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Dehner C.A., Lazar A.J., Chrisinger J.S. A. updates on WHO classification for small round cell tumors: Ewing sarcoma vs. everything else. Hum Pathol 2024;147:101–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.01.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valiev A.K., Tararykova A.A., Teplyakov V.V. et al. Practical recommendations for the drug treatment of malignant bone tumors. Zlokachestvennye opukholi. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii RUSSCO 2022;12(#3s2):307–29. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18027/2224-5057-2022-12-3s2-307-329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Валиев А.К., Тарарыкова А.А., Тепляков В.В. и др. Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению злокачественных опухолей костей. Злокачественные опухоли. Практические рекомендации RUSSCO 2022;12(#3s2):307–29. DOI: 10.18027/2224-5057-2022-12-3s2-307-329</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Yu L., Davis I.J., Liu P. Regulation of EWSR1-FLI1 function by post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Cancers (Basel) 2023;15(2):382. DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020382</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>OMIM. An online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Available at: https://www.omim.org/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>National Library of Medicine. ClinVar. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Varsome. The human genomics community. Available at: https://varsome.com/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>COSMIC. Catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer. Available at: https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Hanson H., Astiazaran-Symonds E., Amendola L.M. et al. Management of individuals with germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in CHEK2: a clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2023;25(10):100870. DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100870</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Gillani R., Camp S.Y., Han S. et al. Germline predisposition to pediatric Ewing sarcoma is characterized by inherited pathogenic variants in DNA damage repair genes. Am J Hum Genet 2022;109(6):1026–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Jagodzińska-Mucha P., Sobczuk P., Mikuła M. et al. Mutational landscape of primary and recurrent Ewing sarcoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021;25(4):241–8. DOI: 10.5114/wo.2021.112234</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Stolarova L., Kleiblova P., Janatova M. et al. CHEK2 germline variants in cancer predisposition: stalemate rather than checkmate. Cells 2020;9(12):2675. DOI: 10.3390/cells9122675</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golotyuk M.A., Berezhnoj A.A., Kazantseva N.V. et al. Germline mutations in the PALB2 and CHEK2 genes and hereditary cancer. Ural’skij medicinskij zhurnal = Ural Medical Journal 2023;22(3): 126–36. (In Russ.). DOI: 52420/2071-5943-2023-22-3-126-136</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голотюк М.А., Бережной А.А., Казанцева Н.В. и др. Герминальные мутации в генах PALB2 и CHEK2 и наследственный рак. Уральский медицинский журнал 2023;22(3):126–36. DOI: 52420/2071-5943-2023-22-3-126-136</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkarev A.V., Galeev M.G., Pushkarev V.A., Sultanbaev A.V. Genetic predictors of malignancy: a literature review. Kreativnaya khirurgiya i onkologiya = Creative Surgery and Oncology 2021;11(2): 157–65. In Russ.). DOI: 10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-2-157-165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарев А.В., Галеев М.Г., Пушкарев В.А., Султанбаев А.В. Генетические предикторы развития злокачественных новообразований (обзор литературы). Креативная хирургия и онкология 2021;11(2):157–65. DOI: 10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-2-157-165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Mandelker D., Kumar R., Pei X. et al. The landscape of somatic genetic alterations in breast cancers from CHEK2 germline mutation carriers. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019;3(2):pkz027. DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matveev V.B., Kirichek A.A., Savinkova A.V. et al. Impact of germline CHEK2 mutations on biochemical relapse free survival and metastasis free survival after radical treatment for patients with prostate cancer. Onkourologiya = Cancer Urology 2018;14(4):53–67. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2018-14-4-53-67</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матвеев В.Б., Киричек А.А., Савинкова А.В. и др. Влияние герминальных мутаций в гене CHEK2 на выживаемость до биохимического рецидива и безметастатическую выживаемость после радикального лечения у больных раком предстательной железы. Онкоурология 2018;14(4):53–67. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2018-14-4-53-67</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyubchenko L.N., Bateneva E.I., Abramov I.S. et al. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Zlokachestvennye opukholi = Malignant Tumours 2013;(2):53–61. (In Russ.). DOI: 18027/2224-5057-2013-2-53-61</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Любченко Л.Н., Батенева Е.И., Абрамов И.С. и др. Наследственный рак молочной железы и яичников. Злокачественные опухоли 2013;2(6):53–61. DOI: 18027/2224-5057-2013-2-53-61</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Cybulski C., Wokołorczyk D., Huzarski T. et al. A deletion in CHEK2 of 5,395 bp predisposes to breast cancer in Poland. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007;102(1):119–22. DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9320-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkarev A.V., Galeev M.G., Pushkarev V.A., Sultanbaev A.V. Genetic predictors of malignancy: a literature review. Kreativnaya khirurgiya i onkologiya = Creative Surgery and Oncology 2021;11(2):157–65. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-2-157-165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарев А.В., Галеев М.Г., Пушкарев В.А., Султанбаев А.В. Генетические предикторы развития злокачественных новообразований (обзор литературы). Креативная хирургия и онкология 2021;11(2):157–65. DOI: 10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-2-157-165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Kirchner K., Gamulin M., Kulis T. et al. Comprehensive clinical and genetic analysis of CHEK2 in croatian men with prostate cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022;13(11):1955. DOI: 10.3390/genes13111955</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Näslund-Koch C., Nordestgaard B.G., Bojesen S.E. Increased risk for other cancers in addition to breast cancer for CHEK2*1100delC heterozygotes estimated from the copenhagen general population study. J Clin Oncol 2016;34(11):1208–16. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.3594</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Hu C., Hart S.N., Gnanaolivu R. et al. A population-based study of genes previously implicated in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2021;384(5):440–51. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2005936</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Ma X., Zhang B., Zheng W. Genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer risk: comprehensive research synopsis, meta- analysis, and epidemiological evidence. Gut 2014;63(2):326–36. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304121</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Liu C., Wang Q.S., Wang Y.J. The CHEK2 I157T variant and colorectal cancer susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;13(5):2051–5. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2051</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Teodorczyk U., Cybulski C., Wokołorczyk D. et al. The risk of gastric cancer in carriers of CHEK2 mutations. Fam Cancer 2013;12(3):473–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10689-012-9599-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Y., Dai B., Ye D. CHEK2 mutation and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(9):15708–15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Obazee O., Archibugi L., Andriulli A. et al. Germline BRCA2 K3326X and CHEK2 I157T mutations increase risk for sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019;145(3):686–93. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32127</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Siołek M., Cybulski C., Gąsior-Perczak D. et al. CHEK2 mutations and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Cancer 2015;137(3):548–52. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29426</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Kriege M., Hollestelle A., Jager A. et al. Survival and contralateral breast cancer in CHEK2 1100delC breast cancer patients: impact of adjuvant chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2014;111(5):1004–13. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.306</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bit-Sava E.M., Semiglazov V.F., Imyanitov E.N. et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for hereditary breast cancer. Prakticheskaya onkologiya = Practical Oncology 2018;19(3):248–56. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31917/1903248</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бит-Сава Е.М., Семиглазов В.Ф., Имянитов Е.Н. и др. Неоадъювантная химиотерапия наследственного рака молочной железы. Практическая онкология 2018;19(3):248–56. DOI: 10.31917/1903248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Tung N.M., Robson M.E., Ventz S. et al. TBCRC 048: phase II study of olaparib for metastatic breast cancer and mutations in homologous recombination-related genes. J Clin Oncol 2020;38(36):4274–82. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.20.02151</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Joris S., Denys H., Collignon J. et al. Efficacy of olaparib in advanced cancers with germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and ATM, a Belgian Precision tumor-agnostic phase II study. ESMO Open 2023;8(6):102041. DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Zabludoff S.D., Deng C., Grondine M.R. et al. AZD7762, a novel checkpoint kinase inhibitor, drives checkpoint abrogation and potentiates DNA-targeted therapies. Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(9):2955–66. DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0492</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Angius G., Tomao S., Stati V. et al. Prexasertib, a checkpoint kinase inhibitor: from preclinical data to clinical development. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020;85(1):9–20. DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03950-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Khamidullina A.I., Abramenko Y.E., Bruter A.V., Tatarskiy V.V. Key proteins of replication stress response and cell cycle control as cancer therapy targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(2):1263. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021263</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Gorthi A., Romero J.C., Loranc E. et al. EWS-FLI1 increases transcription to cause R-loops and block BRCA1 repair in Ewing sarcoma. Nature 2018;555(7696):387–91. DOI: 10.1038/nature25748</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Garnett M.J., Edelman E.J., Heidorn C.H. et al. Systematic identification of genomic markers of drug sensitivity in cancer cells. Nature 2012;483(7391):570–5. DOI: 10.1038/nature11005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Chugh R., Ballman K.V., Helman L.J. et al. SARC025 arms 1 and 2: a phase 1 study of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor niraparib with temozolomide or irinotecan in patients with advanced Ewing sarcoma. Cancer 2021;127(8):1301–10. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33349</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev А.А., Tikhomirova Т.Е., Tsareva А.S. et al. Impact of PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy after initial treatment on the efficacy of subsequent therapy in ovarian cancer: a propensity score matching analysis. Zlokachestvennye opukholi = Malignant Tumours 2024;14(4):50–7. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18027/2224-5057-2024-020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.А., Тихомирова Т.Е., Царева А.С. и др. Влияние поддерживающей терапии ингибиторами PARP после первоначального лечения на эффективность последующей терапии рака яичников: анализ методом псевдорандомизации. Злокачественные опухоли 2024;14(4):50–7. DOI: 10.18027/2224-5057-2024-020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Choy E., Butrynski J.E., Harmon D.C. et al. Phase II study of olaparib in patients with refractory Ewing sarcoma following failure of standard chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2014;14:813. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-813</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>ClinicalTrials.gov (2021) study of talazoparib, a PARP inhibitor, in patients with advanced or recurrent solid tumors (NCT01286987). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT01286987</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Schafer E.S., Rau R.E., Berg S.L. et al. Phase 1/2 trial of talazoparib in combination with temozolomide in children and adolescents with refractory/recurrent solid tumors including Ewing sarcoma: a Children’s Oncology Group Phase 1 Consortium study (ADVL1411). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020;67(2):e28073. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28073</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Study of onivyde with talazoparib or temozolomide in children with recurrent solid tumors and ewing sarcoma (NCT04901702). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04901702?cond=NCT04901702&amp;rank=1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Ding K., He Y., Wei J. et al. A score of DNA damage repair pathway with the predictive ability for chemotherapy and immunotherapy is strongly associated with immune signaling pathway in pan-cancer. Front Immunol 2022;13:943090. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943090</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Barnieh F.M., Loadman P.M., Falconer R.A. Progress towards a clinically-successful ATR inhibitor for cancer therapy. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 2021;2:100017. DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100017</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Jurkovicova D., Neophytou C.M., Gašparović A.Č., Gonçalves A.C. DNA damage response in cancer therapy and resistance: challenges and opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(23):14672. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314672</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
