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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3687</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">756</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2219-4614-2025-17-4-29-36</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Synovial sarcoma in children and adults: tumor microenvironment and microRNAs as predictors of metastasis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синовиальная саркома у детей и взрослых: микроокружение и микроРНК как предикторы метастазирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3772-6643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0930-5272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhachev</surname><given-names>Dalgat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махачев</surname><given-names>Далгат Рамазанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1249-8503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7752-4715</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9569-5045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloveva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7225-5202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9538-5957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutornaya</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуторная</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4480-0169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazyukova</surname><given-names>K. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князюкова</surname><given-names>К. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3112-5523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolatova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болатова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1908-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Biktimerov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биктимеров</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6657-4599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilchenko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильченко</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dalgat2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N.N. Priorov, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Bulanov D.V., Makhachev D.R., Abdullaev M.A., Mikheeva A.S., Soloveva A.M., Ivanova V.V., Khutornaya M.I., Knyazyukova K.P., Bolatova L.A., Biktimerov A.R., Ilchenko A.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Буланов Д.В., Махачев Д.Р., Абдуллаев М.А., Михеева А.С., Соловьева А.М., Иванова В.В., Хуторная М.И., Князюкова К.П., Болатова Л.А., Биктимеров А.Р., Ильченко А.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulanov D.V., Makhachev D.R., Abdullaev M.A., Mikheeva A.S., Soloveva A.M., Ivanova V.V., Khutornaya M.I., Knyazyukova K.P., Bolatova L.A., Biktimerov A.R., Ilchenko A.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буланов Д.В., Махачев Д.Р., Абдуллаев М.А., Михеева А.С., Соловьева А.М., Иванова В.В., Хуторная М.И., Князюкова К.П., Болатова Л.А., Биктимеров А.Р., Ильченко А.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/756">https://sarbon.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/756</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Synovial sarcoma is among the most aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas and carries a high risk of early metastasis. This review summarizes data from 2015–2025 on the role of the tumor microenvironment and microRNAs in shaping the metastatic potential in both children and adults with this pathology. Predominance of M2 macrophages, low CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell infiltration, and activation of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD47–SIRPα axes create an immunosuppressive niche that promotes tumor dissemination. Deregulated microRNAs – including tissue, circulating, and exosomal species – enhance angiogenesis, drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and modulate immune responses. These factors underpin emerging prognostic models and therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy and anti-miRNA interventions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Синовиальная саркома является одной из наиболее агрессивных сарком мягких тканей с высоким риском раннего метастазирования. В обзоре систематизированы данные за 2015–2025 гг. о роли опухолевого микроокружения и микроРНК в формировании метастатического потенциала у детей и взрослых с данной патологией. Показано, что преобладание макрофагов М2, низкая инфильтрация CD8<sup>+</sup>-Т-клеток и активация осей рецептор программируемой клеточной гибели 1 (PD-1)/лиганд рецептора программируемой клеточной гибели 1 (PD-L1) и CD47–SIRPα создают иммуносупрессивную нишу, способствующую диссеминации опухоли. Дерегулированные микроРНК, включая тканевые, циркулирующие и экзосомные микроРНК, усиливают ангиогенез, эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход и модулируют иммунный ответ. Эти факторы формируют основу новых прогностических моделей и терапевтических стратегий, в том числе иммунотерапию и анти-микроРНК-подходы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soft tissue sarcomas</kwd><kwd>synovial sarcoma</kwd><kwd>tumor microenvironment</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>exosome</kwd><kwd>metastasis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркомы мягких тканей</kwd><kwd>синовиальная саркома</kwd><kwd>опухолевое микроокружение</kwd><kwd>иммунная контрольная точка</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>экзосома</kwd><kwd>метастазирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">-</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Blay J.-Y., von Mehren M., Jones R.L. et al. Synovial sarcoma: characteristics, challenges, and evolving therapeutic strategies. ESMO Open 2023;8(5):101618. 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